El lugar de las diversidades y de las ciudadanías en la Sociología de la Educación

Carlos Alberto Torres

Professor e Director

Instituto Paulo Freire, Universidade da Califórnia, Los Angeles (UCLA), EUA

Resumen

Los dilemas de la ciudadanía en una sociedad democrática, diversa y multicultural pueden esbozarse de la siguiente forma: las teorías de la ciudadanía fueron propugnadas en la tradición de la teoría política occidental por hombres blancos y heterosexuales, que identificaron una ciudadanía homogénea a través de un proceso de exclusión sistemática y no de inclusión en la organización política. Las misiones polifacéticas a las que debe enfrentarse el multiculturalismo y la experiencia política concreta de los años ochenta y noventa han implicado que hasta ahora sus diferentes partidarios han sido incapaces de abordar íntegramente la necesidad de una teoría de la ciudadanía multicultural para avanzar en los objetivos democráticos en el contexto de las teorías de la democracia. Facilitar el aprendizaje y la educación de niños, jóvenes y adultos es lo que la educación pública debe realizar. Este es otro motivo práctico por el que deberíamos revisar periódicamente las relaciones teóricas entre estado, educación, ciudadanía, democracia y multiculturalismo.

Palabras clave

Ciudadanía multicultural; Identidad; Nuevos movimientos sociales; Democracia y educación

 

O lugar das diversidades e das cidadanias na Sociologia da Educação

Resumo

Os dilemas da cidadania numa sociedade democrática, diversa e multicultural podem esboçar-se da seguinte forma: as teorias da cidadania foram elaboradas na tradição da teoria politica ocidental por homens brancos e heterossexuais, que identificaram uma cidadania homogénea através de um processo de exclusão sistemática e não de inclusão na organização política. As missões polifacetadas com que deve enfrentar-se o multiculturalismo e a experiência política concreta dos anos oitenta e noventa implicaram que até agora os seus diferentes partidários foram incapazes de abordar a necessidade de uma teoria da cidadania multicultural para fazer avançar os objectivos democráticos no contexto das teorias da democracia. Facilitar a aprendizagem e a educação das crianças, jovens e adultos é o que a educação pública deve realizar. Este é outro motivo prático pelo qual deveríamos rever periodicamente as relações teóricas entre estado, educação, cidadania, democracia e multiculturalismo.

Palavras-chave

Cidadania multicultural; Identidade; Novos movimentos sociais; Democracia e educação

 

The place of diversities and citizenships in the Sociology of Education

Abstract

Citizenship presents some dilemmas in a democratic, diverse and multicultural society that we can think about: citizenship theories have been advanced in the tradition of occidental political theory by white heterosexual men that identified a homogenised citizenship through a systematic process of exclusion, in this way bypassing inclusion process in political organization. The multifaceted missions that multiculturalism must confront and the concrete political experience of eighties and nineties have implied that their different partisans have been unable to approach the need for a theory of multicultural citizenship to make advance the democratic goals in the context of theories of democracy. Public education must facilitate education and learning for children, young people and adults. That constitutes another practical motive for us to periodically review theoretical relationships between state, education, citizenship, democracy and multiculturalism.

Keywords

Multicultural citizenship; Identity; New social movements; Democracy and education

 

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Recebido em Janeiro, 2007

Aceite para publicação em Maio, 2007

 

Toda a correspondência relativa a este artigo deve ser enviada para: Carlos Alberto Torres, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, USA. E-mail: catnovoa@aol.com