Composição e Estrutura da Paisagem: Sua Relação com a Riqueza dos Anfíbios e Répteis que Ocorrem em Portugal Continental¹

Jorge Cunha*² e Francisco Rego**

*Técnico Superior

FORESTIS – Associação Florestal de Portugal. Rua de Santa Catarina, nº753, 4000-454 PORTO

**Professor Associado

Centro de Ecologia Aplicada Prof. Baeta Neves. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 LISBOA

 

Sumário. A compreensão dos efeitos da estrutura da paisagem na dinâmica das populações é um objectivo fundamental da ecologia da paisagem e uma etapa crítica para a implementação de iniciativas de conservação das espécies.

A Ecologia da Paisagem surgiu assim pela necessidade de compreender o desenvolvimento e a dinâmica do padrão da paisagem nos diversos fenómenos ecológicos, reconhecendo-se que esses processos ecológicos afectam e são afectados pela interacção dinâmica entre os ecossistemas.

O presente trabalho pretende estudar a relação existente entre as 17 espécies de anfíbios e as 27 espécies de répteis que ocorrem em Portugal, tendo em conta a importância que estes dois grupos representam, e os elementos que constituem a paisagem, de forma a tentar compreender as funções que esta desempenha em relação às várias espécies consideradas.

Foram criados modelos estatísticos a partir da distribuição dos anfíbios e dos répteis com os tipos de habitat existentes, integrados num Sistema de Informação Geográfica, tendo sido possível compreender que a diversidade biológica, relativamente a estas espécies, está fortemente relacionada com o tipo de habitat.

Palavras-chave: anfíbios; répteis; tipos de habitat; riqueza específica; ecologia da paisagem

 

Composition and Structure of the Landscape: Its Relation to the Wealth of the Amphibians and Reptiles Occurring in Continental Portugal

Abstract. Understanding the effects of the landscape structure on population dynamics is one of the main goals of landscape ecology, and is a critical step in the implementation of conservation efforts.

Landscape ecology evolved due to the necessity of understanding the development and dynamics of landscape pattern on the ecological phenomena, and recognizing that ecological processes both affect and are affected by dynamic interactions between the ecosystems.

This work studies the relationship between the seventeen species of amphibians and the twenty-seven species of reptiles found in Portugal. It considers the importance of these two groups and the elements of the landscape, in order to understand their functions in the various species considered.

Statistical models were developed based on the distribution of amphibians and reptiles within different habitat types, and were integrated into a Geographic Information System, that made it possible to understand that biological diversity, concerning these species, is strongly related to the habitat type.

Key words: amphibians; reptiles; habitat types; specific richness; landscape ecology

 

Composition et Structure du Paysage: sa Relation avec la Richesse des Amphibiens et des Reptiles qui se Produisent au Portugal Continental

Résumé. La compréhension des effets de la structure du paysage sur la dynamique des populations est un but fondamental de l'étude de l'écologie du paysage et une étape critique pour l'implémentation d'initiatives pour la conservation de différentes espèces.

L'Ecologie du Paysage est apparue, donc, du besoin de comprendre le développement et la dynamique du modèle de paysage en ce qui concerne les différents phénomènes écologiques. On a reconnu, aussi, que ces processus écologiques affectent et sont affectés par l'interaction dynamique au milieu des écosystèmes.

Ce travail a l'intention d'étudier la relation établie entre les 17 espèces d'amphibies et les 27 espèces de reptiles qui existent au Portugal et des éléments constitutifs du paysage, faisant attention à l'importance que ces deux groupes d'animaux représentent au niveau de l'écologie du paysage. On essaye aussi de comprendre les fonctions que le paysage accomplit relativement aux espèces considérées.

On a créé des modèles statistiques à partir de la distribution des amphibies et des reptiles en ce qui concerne les types d'habitat existants, intégrés dans un Système d'Information Géographique. On s'est aperçu que la diversité biologique de ces espèces est fortement liée au type d'habitat où elles sont présentes.

Mots clés: amphibies; reptiles; types d'habitat; richesse spécifique; écologie du paysage

 

Texto completo disponivel apenas em PDF.

Full text only available in PDF format.

 

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Entregue para publicação em Fevereiro de 2005

Aceite para publicação em Abril de 2005

 

¹ O presente trabalho resume alguns dos aspectos da Dissertação intitulada "Relação entre a Composição e a Estrutura da paisagem e a Herptofauna em Portugal Continental", apresentada por Jorge Cunha, na UTAD, para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Recursos Florestais, em Outubro de 2004

²1º Autor E-mail: forestis@mail.telepac.pt